\chapter*{Abstract}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Abstract}

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Effective IT is vital in organization in the low resource settings of developing
countries. This also applies to public sector organizations. However, little research
has been reported regarding IT implementation in higher education institution.
Meanwhile, it is widely believed that information technology could boost
development, strengthen and increase the competitiveness of the university among
others.

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The focus of this report is to explain as well as improve the IT implementation
process in public sector organizations, particularly in higher education
institution in developing countries. The motivation for studying the IT
implementation process is to be able to understand the underlying aspects
of the successful of IT implementation process in developing countries which
then give the possibility to make any improvement on the organization.

An action research approach in combination with case study method has been
performed in one of Indonesia's public universities. Empirical data collection
was done to support the research investigation including two-times of field work in
which one of them was getting involved into the organization activity, two round
pre and follow-up semi-structural interviews, direct observation, discussion,
meeting, document analysis and previous involvement in the institution. An
Online Questionnaire was also performed to obtain the perception of research
participants regarding the proposed tools.

A one initial cycle of action research was done and the study found several
factors that possibly hamper the implementation process in the university and
successfully  formulated several strategies that can be used to cope with those
factors, e.g. limited human resources, lack of management commitment, lack of
clear job description among staffs, lack of appropriate planning and strategy
for systems development and implementation, ineffective communication \&
coordination, lack of funds, lack of rewards, and government policies.
Intervention is then performed by introducing software project management
into the organization  as one of the formulated strategies. Even though the
outcome of the interventions not clearly visible at this time, it gives  a
motivation for the continuity of the interventions.

In conclusion, it can be said that among other public sector organizations in
developing countries, they share common barriers and challenges in general, and
to deal with those challenges require substantial time and appropriate approach.
 

